First Byurakan Survey (FBS, Markarian Survey)




  • First systematic objective-prism survey in the history of astronomy
  • The largest objective-prism survey of the Northern sky (17,000 deg2)
  • New method of search for active galaxies
  • Revelation of 1515 UVX galaxies: some 300 AGN and some 1000 HII galaxies
  • Classification of Seyferts into Sy1 and Sy2 types
  • Definition of Starburst (SB) galaxies
  • FBS Blue Stellar Objects (BSOs) and Late-type Stars
  • Optical identification of IRAS galaxies (BIG and BIS objects); discovery of new AGN and ULIRGs



  • FBS lists
    The first systematic and the largest objective prism spectroscopic survey (17,000 sq. deg.). 1500 UV-excess galaxies were revealed (Markarian galaxies). Many new AGN and Starburst galaxies were found

    Markarian B.E. – Galaxies with an Ultraviolet Continuum // Ap, 3, 24-38, 1967
    Markarian B.E. – Galaxies with Ultraviolet Continuum. II // Ap, 5, 206-225, 1969
    Markarian B.E. – Galaxies with ultraviolet continuum. III // Ap, 5, 286-301, 1969
    Markarian, B. E.; Lipovetskii, V. A. –Galaxies with ultraviolet continuum. IV // Ap, 7, 299-310, 1971
    Markarian, B. E.; Lipovetskii, V. A. – Galaxies with ultraviolet continuum. V // Ap, 8, 89-99, 1972
    Markarian, B. E.; Lipovetskii, V. A. – Galaxies with ultraviolet continuum. VI // Ap, 9, 283-295, 1973
    Markarian, B. E.; Lipovetskii, V. A. – Galaxies with ultraviolet continuum. VII // Ap, 10, 185-194, 1974
    Markarian, B. E.; Lipovetskii, V. A. – Galaxies with ultraviolet continuum. VIII // Ap, 12, 241-254, 1976
    Markarian, B. E.; Lipovetskii, V. A. – Galaxies with ultraviolet continuum. IX // Ap, 12, 429-442, 1976
    Markarian, B. E.; Lipovetskii, V. A.; Stepanian, J. A. – Galaxies with ultraviolet continuum. X // Ap, 13, 116-125, 1977
    Markarian, B. E.; Lipovetskii, V. A.; Stepanian, J. A. – Galaxies with ultraviolet continuum. XI // Ap, 13, 215-228, 1977
    Markarian, B. E.; Lipovetskii, V. A.; Stepanian, J. A. – Galaxies with ultraviolet continuum. XII // Ap, 15, 130-141, 1979
    Markarian, B. E.; Lipovetskii, V. A.; Stepanian, J. A. – Galaxies with ultraviolet continuum. XIII // Ap, 15, 235-250, 1980
    Markarian, B. E.; Lipovetskii, V. A.; Stepanian, J. A. – Galaxies with ultraviolet continuum. XIV // Ap, 15, 363-376, 1980
    Markarian, B. E.; Lipovetskii, V. A.; Stepanian, J. A. – Galaxies with ultraviolet continuum. XV // Ap, 17, 321-332, 1982



    Spectra of Markarian galaxies
    Spectroscopic studies of the First Byurakan Survey galaxies – galaxies with UV continuum. Discovery of many new Seyfert galaxies and other AGN

    Arakelian, M. A.; Dibay, Eh. A.; Esipov, V. F.; Markarian, B. E. – Spectra of Markarian galaxies. II // Ap, 6, 189-194, 1970
    Arakelian, M. A.; Dibay, Eh. A.; Esipov, V. F.; Markarian, B. E. – Spectra of Markarian galaxies. III // Ap, 7, 102-108, 1971
    Markarian, B. E.; Lipovetskii, V. A.; Stepanian, J. A. – Spectra of galaxies with ultraviolet continuum. I // Ap, 16, 1-7, 1980
    Markarian, B. E.; Lipovetskii, V. A.; Stepanian, J. A. – Spectra of galaxies with ultraviolet continuum. II // Ap, 16, 353-359, 1981
    Markarian, B. E.; Lipovetskii, V. A.; Stepanian, J. A. – Spectra of galaxies with ultraviolet continuum. III // Ap, 19, 129-133, 1983
    Markarian, B. E.; Lipovetskii, V. A.; Stepanian, J. A. – Spectra of galaxies with ultraviolet continuum. IV // Ap, 21, 581-587, 1985
    Markarian, B. E.; Erastova, L. K.; Lipovetskii, V. A.; Stepanian, J. A.; Shapovalova, A. I. – Spectra of galaxies with ultraviolet continuum. V // Ap, 22, 127-135, 1985
    Markarian, B. E.; Erastova, L. K.; Lipovetskii, V. A.; Stepanian, J. A.; Shapovalova, A. I. – Spectra of galaxies with Ultraviolet Continuum. VI // Ap, 28, 14-21, 1988
    Markarian, B. E.; Erastova, L. K.; Lipovetskii, V. A.; Stepanian, J. A.; Shapovalova, A. I. – Spectra of galaxies with Ultraviolet Continuum. VII // Ap, 28, 283-288, 1988



    FBS Seyferts

    Arakelian, M. A.; Dibay, Eh. A.; Esipov, V. F.; Markarian, B. E. – New Seyfert-type objects in the second Markarian's list // Astron. Circular, 568, 1-2, 1970 (in Russian)
    Arakelian, M. A.; Dibay, Eh. A.; Esipov, V. F.; Markarian, B. E. – New Seyfert-type objects in the second and third Markarian's lists // Astron. Circular, 586, 1-3, 1970 (in Russian)
    Arakelian, M. A.; Dibay, Eh. A.; Esipov, V. F.; Markarian, B. E. – New Seyfert-type objects in the third Markarian's list // Astron. Circular, 568, 2-4, 1970 (in Russian)
    Markarian, B. E.; Lipovetskii, V. A.; Stepanian, J. A. – New Seyfert-type objects in list XII of galaxies with ultraviolet continuum // Astron. Letters, 5, 269-271, 1979
    Markarian, B. E.; Lipovetskii, V. A.; Stepanian, J. A. – Seyfert-Type Objects from the 13th and 14th Lists of Galaxies with UV-Continuum // Astron. Circular, 1134, 6-8, 1980 (in Russian)
    Afanasiev, V. L.; Lipovetskii, V. A.; Markarian, B. E.; Stepanian, J. A. – New Seyfert-Type Objects from Observations on BTA // Astron. Circular, 1039, 1-2, 1979 (in Russian)
    Afanasiev, V. L.; Lipovetskii, V. A.; Markarian, B. E.; Stepanian, J. A. – Observations with the 6-m telescope of galaxies with ultraviolet continuum of Seyfert type // Ap, 16, 119-127, 1980
    Markarian, B. E.; Stepanian, J. A.; Lipovetskii, V. A. – New Seyfert-Type Objects from the Last Lists of Galaxies with UV-Continuum // Astron. Circular, 1125, 4-6, 1980 (in Russian)
    Markarian, B. E.; Stepanian, J. A.; Lipovetskii, V. A. – Faint Seyfert I Type Galaxies // Astron. Circular, 1168, 2-5, 1981 (in Russian)
    Markarian, B. E.; Stepanian, J. A.; Lipovetskii, V. A. – Two New Remarkable Seyfert-Type Galaxies // Astron. Circular, 1233, 1-2, 1982 (in Russian)
    Markarian, B. E.; Stepanian, J. A.; Lipovetskii, V. A. – Two New Remarkable Seyfert-Type Galaxies // Astron. Circular, 1237, 1, 1982 (in Russian)
    Markarian, B. E.; Stepanian, J.; Lipovetski, V. I.; Shapovalova, A. I. – New Seyfert Galaxies from the First Byurakan Sky Survey // Astron. Circular, 1428, 7-8, 1986 (in Russian)



    Markarian galaxies nature

    Markarian B.E. – On the nature of galaxies with ultraviolet continuum. I. Principal spectral and colour characteristics // Ap, 8, 100-105, 1972
    Markarian B.E. – On the nature of galaxies with ultraviolet continuum: II. Objects with broad emission lines // Ap, 9, 1-8, 1973
    Markarian, B. E.; Stepanian, J. A. – On the nature of galaxies with ultraviolet continuum. III. Surface brightness, morphology, and activity // Ap, 13, 372-379, 1977
    Markarian B.E. – On the nature of galaxies with UV continuum having broad emission lines // A&A, 58, 139-143, 1977



    FBS bright QSOs

    Markarian, B. E.; Stepanian, J. A.; Lipovetskii, V. A. – Bright Quasar Search and the FBS Continuation // Com. SAO, 61, 88-91, 1988 (in Russian)
    Markarian, B. E.; Stepanian, J. A.; Lipovetskii, V. A. – Bright Quasar Search and the FBS Continuation // Proc. Conf.: QSO Physical Properties and Spectra, held at Special Astrophys. Obs., Moscow, 8-11 Sep 1987, Moscow, p. 88, 1989 (in Russian)



    FBS general

    Markarian B.E. – Galaxies with the ultraviolet continuum // Proc. IAU S29: Non-stable Phenomena in Galaxies, Byurakan, May 4-12, 1966. Publ. House Acad. Sci. Arm. SSR Yerevan, p. 99-103, 1968 (in Russian)
    Markarian, B. E.; Lipovetskii, V. A.; Stepanian, J. A. – Galaxies with UV-Continuum from Observations on BTA // Proc. Borjomi Meeting, 1981 (in Russian)
    Lipovetsky, V. A.; Markarian, B. E.; Stepanian, J. A. – The First Byurakan Survey (FBS) and Search Problems for AGN // Proc. IAU S121: Observational Evidence of Activity in Galaxies, held in Byurakan, Armenia, USSR, 3-7 June 1986. Eds. E.Ye. Khachikian, K.J. Fricke & J. Melnick. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, p. 17, 1987



    FBS catalog

    Markarian, B. E.; Lipovetsky, V. A.; Stepanian, J. A.; Erastova, L. K.; Shapovalova, A. I. – The First Byurakan Survey - a Catalogue of Galaxies with Ultraviolet Continuum // Com. SAO, 62, 5-121, 1989 (in Russian)
    Markarian B.E. – Catalogue of Markarian Galaxies // VizieR On-line Data Catalog, VII/61A, 1994
    Markarian, B. E.; Lipovetsky, V. A.; Stepanian, J. A.; Erastova, L. K.; Shapovalova, A. I. – First Byurakan Survey (FBS) // VizieR On-line Data Catalog, VII/172, 1997